Applications for Biomaterials and Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems: Advances, Mechanisms, and Future Prospects
Main article
Abstract
The convergence of biomaterials and nanotechnology has revolutionized the landscape of drug delivery systems, offering promising solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional therapeutic methods. This review explores the role of natural and synthetic biomaterials—such as PLGA, chitosan, and alginate—in enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, and targeted release. It further delves into various nanocarriers including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and solid lipid nanoparticles, emphasizing their structural advantages and surface modifications that enable site-specific delivery. The synergistic integration of smart biomaterials with nanotechnology has led to the development of multifunctional systems that respond to physiological stimuli, co-deliver multiple agents, and incorporate diagnostic features. Mechanisms of drug delivery enhancement, such as controlled release, passive and active targeting, and prolonged circulation, are examined in depth. Case studies including Doxil and Abraxane illustrate the clinical impact of these technologies in cancer therapy and other diseases. Finally, the review discusses current challenges related to large-scale manufacturing, safety evaluation, and regulatory hurdles, while highlighting prospects in personalized medicine, AI-assisted formulation, and theragnostic. Overall, biomaterials and nanotechnology are poised to play a pivotal role in advancing precision drug delivery and transforming patient care.
