Green Spectrum Sharing for Low-Power Intelligent Networks: Reliability-Aware Cognitive Relaying with Energy-Constrained Transmission Design
Main article
Abstract
This study develops a green spectrum-sharing framework for low-power intelligent networks by integrating reliability-aware cognitive relaying with energy-constrained transmission design. Inspired by recent work on underlay cognitive radio, multi-hop relaying, antenna selection, outage probability, and interception risk, the paper redirects the technical problem toward green innovation: how secondary devices can reuse spectrum while protecting primary quality of service, conserving energy, and maintaining reliable and secure end-to-end communication. Instead of deriving long closed-form expressions, the article proposes a practical design logic based on green relay scoring, adaptive power ceilings, hop-level reliability monitoring, and interference-aware switching between direct and cooperative modes. A simulation-oriented dataset is constructed to compare five transmission strategies across outage probability, energy per useful bit, secrecy exposure, and primary-network interference. The results show that a green reliability-aware relay policy can reduce normalized energy consumption by 34% relative to direct transmission and by 46% relative to fixed cooperative relaying, while maintaining lower outage probability than conventional direct and QoS-only policies. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that the best green performance is achieved when the number of hops, relay placement, and energy budget are jointly tuned rather than optimized independently. The findings contribute to green wireless innovation by showing that spectrum sharing should not be evaluated solely by spectral efficiency or outage reduction; it should also be assessed by energy discipline, interference responsibility, and secure data delivery. The paper concludes by outlining deployment implications for smart agriculture, industrial sensing, urban environmental monitoring, and low-power Internet-of-Things networks. Foundational work on dynamic spectrum access shows that cognitive radio design must jointly manage sensing, sharing, mobility, and allocation rather than treating spectrum reuse as a single-layer problem. Wireless-security surveys confirm that energy-aware communication should also account for interception and confidentiality risks in open radio environments.
