Main article

Aisha Marwani
Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia, 76100
Daniel Hakimi
Faculty of Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, Malaysia, 26600
Nurul Safira Latif*
School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia, 02600
nurul.safira@utem.edu.my

Abstract

Programmable digital assets increasingly combine economic ownership with contractual restrictions that do not disappear when the asset moves across chains or trading venues. Non-fungible tokens may carry royalties, vesting periods, staking obligations, or access rights; real-world asset tokens may carry transfer-agent rules, compliance limits, redemption windows, or collateral covenants; and smart contract rights markets may represent claims whose value depends on the persistence of duties attached to them. Existing cross-chain exchange designs usually solve the technical problem of asset movement but treat contractual terms as metadata, leaving platforms exposed to unequal transfers in which one party sheds a burden while another absorbs an equivalent asset without an equivalent term. Building on the equal-term exchange logic in NFT mechanism design, this article develops a future-oriented architecture for cross-chain equal-term exchange across NFTs, real-world assets, and smart contract rights markets. The proposed architecture separates asset identity, term semantics, matching logic, settlement verification, and governance oversight into auditable layers. A stylized simulation compares bridge-only routing, equal-term batch matching, and equal-term matching with term-netting across heterogeneous market conditions. The analysis shows that equal-term architectures reduce term-dispute exposure and manual audit burden, although they introduce settlement latency and require stronger registries for term classification. The paper contributes a conceptual framework, an implementation roadmap, and a research agenda for programmable asset markets that must coordinate liquidity, property-rights consistency, interoperability, and platform fairness.

Article details

How to Cite

Marwani, A., Hakimi, D., & Latif, N. S. (2024). Cross-Chain Equal-Term Exchange for Programmable Digital Assets: Future Architectures for NFTs, RWAs, and Smart Contract Rights Markets. Crossroads of Future Technologies, 2(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.63646/cft.2024.020301